Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Muslim Women

Howard-Hassman (2011, 440) states that, â€Å"While women, like men, have an interest in enjoying ‘an elemental capacity for self-direction,’ the importance of this capacity is not conceded by all cultures.† It is important to note the significant influence culture has on women’s rights issues. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) raised a variety of questions dealing with the inference of the term â€Å"universal.† It infers that the declaration is meant to represent human rights in all countries, including those that are non-Western with highly complex cultures and societies. By creating this agreement and applying it as universal it has the â€Å"contradictory effect of undermining communities’ autonomous rights to enjoy their own culture.† Additionally, in looking at historic actions of Western countries Anthropologists were concerned that the UDHR was a â€Å"series of attempts by the West to impose its values on othe r societies.† This can very well be the case because of the many debates that occurred surrounding women’s rights and female genital mutilation practices. Many criticized Western scholars claiming that they could not â€Å"legitimately criticize ‘traditional’ practices that seemed to violate women’s rights.† The context in which cultural practices are birthed are placed within the social construct of the origin society. One cannot possibly understand the human rights implications of another cultures if they don’t understand the culture as a participant. Also, thereShow MoreRelatedGenocide In Darfur Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights defines the liberties set for everyone in the World. Established in 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights displays the rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled to.   The situation in Darfur, Sudan is known as Genocide, Genocide is defined as a systematic extermination or attempt at exterminating a national, political, racial or cultural group. The Darfur Genocide has violated Article #3, Article #5 and Article #9 of the Universal DeclarationRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights1728 Words   |  7 Pagesdon’t fit the traditional mold of a people. Culture can impede progress and leave women, minorities and other sub-sects of a society without the basic human rights that they deserve. Clinging too close to culture can be dangerous. The Foundations of a Universal Declaration The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted shortly after the United Nations was established in 1945. The aim of the Declaration was to ensure that an atrocity such as the mass killings of Jews and other minoritiesRead MoreThe Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is a comprehensive international treaty, created to advocate for the rights of women s. It is a highly ratified treaty since one hundred and eighty-six of the UN’s 193 members have agreed to apply its principles to their nation states and to protect and fulfil its terms and conditions (Wakefield 2010, p.22). The aim of the essay is to demonstrate the strengths of CEDAW in promoting gender equality, whilst simultaneouslyRead MoreHuman Rights And The Rights883 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Rights In this week, we focused on human rights, and the many different human right violations. Human rights are the rights and laws inherited to every human being despite their gender, social status, nationality, religion, or color. Last week we mentioned a few human right violations and discrimination issues. For instance, in the video A Force More Powerful, part 1 talks about several acts of disobedience provoked by the violation of rights of various members of some ethnic groups. The actRead MoreWhat are your perceptions on the universal declaration of human rights would you like to amend any of the articles or add a new article to the declaration?1732 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are your perceptions on the universal declaration of human rights would you like to amend any of the articles or add a new article to the declaration? In:  International Laws [Edit categories] Answer: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is half a century old, but critics are still asking whether anything in our multicultural, diverse world can be truly universal. Some ask, isnt human rights an essentially Western concept, ignoring the very different cultural, economic and political realitiesRead MoreImproving Womens Rights in Territories under Sharia Law947 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Human Rights Council Improving women’s rights in territories under Sharia law CHEMUN 2014 Background Notes – HRC ï ¿ ¼Sharia, a set of laws and rules for self-government, is derived from the Quran. Not only does it deal in secular fields, such as politics and economics, it also guides hygiene, etiquette, diet, prayer, etc. In addition, it talks about a woman’s role in society. Women are expected to be â€Å"obedient,† while men are required to be their â€Å"maintainers.† It establishes a genderRead MoreThe Fundamental International Charter For Human Rights1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of universal human rights is a complex and largely contested area of international relations. Though often highly regarded in â€Å"Western† states, the notion of individual rights is highly debatable in other parts of the world. In a struggle to reconcile regional traditions and world cultures, efforts to create implement a universally accepted charter of human rights have met many obstacles. Key issues including minority groups, gender, and the concept of individuality versus collectivismRead MoreAsses the Extent to Which the Ideal of Equality Is Shared by All Australians982 Words   |  4 Pageslooks, beliefs or choices. Human Rights is also another important element which demonstrates equality, human rights are rights that are believed to belong justifiably to every person. The idea that people should receive the same, or be treated the same, or be treated as equals, in some respect. However, groups such as Muslim Women and Homosexuals in our society are treated otherwise. The principal of an egalitarian society tend to rest on a background idea that all human persons are equal in fundamentalRead MoreAre Human Rights Universal? Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe doctrine of human rights were created to protect every single human regardless of race, gender, sex, nationality, sexual orientation and other differences. It is based on human dignity and the belief that no one has the right to take this away from another human being. The doctrine states th at every ‘man’ has inalienable rights of equality, but is this true? Are human rights universal? Whether human rights are universal has been debated for decades. There have been individuals and even countriesRead More Universally Accepted Declaration of Human Rights Essay example2488 Words   |  10 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) proclaims that the rights discussed in the document are quot;a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations.quot; This document, along with the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) as well as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), are meant to be global agreements that span all cultures and traditions. These documents however

Equiano And The Slave Trade - 853 Words

Slavery was not a pretty sight in and during the Atlantic Slave Trade. Innocent African natives were stolen from their families. They only possessions carry along with them was their memories of being free persons living freely the pieces of the African cultures they derived from. When they arrive to their new, broken lives their gender were specified in roles people could not even envision occurring on a daily basis. Olaudah Equiano was one those persons. He lived majority of his life a slave but lived to see the beautiful pieces of world despite the world he was succumbed to. Mary Prince, living a tragic life story of being a slave deriving from her homeland to land she forced to call home. Equiano and Prince shared similar and different attributes concerning their experiences as slaves. The British West Indies were horrifying yet gave strength to Equiano and Prince within their experiences as slaves. When it came to who suffered the most, Mary compared to Equiano was exposed to mo re painful events in their time in bondage. I will discuss their similarities and their differences. Equiano and Prince are similar in being witnesses of horrendous acts. In Equiano’s memoir he describes his time with his new master named Mr. King. While with Mr. King, he discusses the time of when he had to be rather mute, he states, â€Å"I used frequently to have different cargoes of new negroes in my care for sale;†¦ almost a constant practice with our clerks, and other whites, to commit violentShow MoreRelatedThe Slave Trade By Olaudah Equiano Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesfor its vivid descriptions of the slave trade, Olaudah Equiano s autobiography reveals many aspects of the eighteenth-century Western world through the experiences of one individual. Throughout the narrative, Equiano -- a man defined by his abilities and usefulness, not by his skin color -- demonstrates the foundations for America’s role in the world and how his experience became a globa l story. From the west coast of Africa to the east coast of America, Equiano encounters a different culture inRead MoreSummary Of The Transatlantic Slave Trade By Olaudah Equiano1138 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Transatlantic Slave Trade. This autobiography discusses the plight experienced by Olaudah Equiano and his experience in the slave trade. Throughout his life, he collected information and stories about his own culture, upbringing, and of his experiences within the slave trade to inform the story of his life. He eventually wrote them all down for readers to absorb, comprehend, and appreciate. Additionally, his story is important for current scholarly work because the slave trade acts as an importantRead MoreOlaudah Equiano s The Atlantic Slave Trade1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Atlantic slave trade, from its beginnings in the 1500’s to its end in the 1800’s was in itself the largest forced migration in human history. Slavery was not a new concept to the Atlantic c oastal regions of Africa, but the Europeans were able to take hold of an age old tradition and blow it out of proportion. Olaudah Equiano’s story is especially unique, given the wide array of worldviews he came in contact with, as well as the continued evolution of his own worldview throughout all of his experiencesRead More Oloudah Equianos The Slave Trade Essay example934 Words   |  4 PagesOloudah Equianos The Slave Trade Olaudah Equiano was born in 1745 in an area of Africa which is now Nigeria. At the age of eleven he was captured and brought into slavery. In his book, The Slave Trade, Equiano describes the slave trade during this time. He illustrates how he became a slave and how slaves were treated. Through his descriptions of his homeland and other aspects of his life, we gain insight into the state of world trade at that time. Equianos description of his homeland exemplifiesRead MoreIntroduction. Equiano Olaudah A Slave From Eboe Who Became1319 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Equiano Olaudah a slave from Eboe who became an important figure in the history of slavery, was kidnapped at the age of 11/12 years of age along with his sister from their hometown in the village of Essaka (Benin), a state which is now located in the southern region of Nigeria, West Africa. Born in 1745, in an isolated, but a rich kingdom called Eboe, Olaudah Equiano, commonly known as Gustavus Vassa was born. The youngest boy of seven children, he was a favorite of his mother. HisRead MoreEquiano Olaudah A Slave From Eboe Who Became An Important1431 Words   |  6 PagesEquiano Olaudah a slave from Eboe who became an important figure in the history of slavery, was kidnapped at the age of 11/12 years of age along with his sister from their hometown in the village of Essaka (Benin), a state which is now located in the southern region of Nigeria, West Africa. Born in 1745, in an isolated, but a rich kingdom called Eboe, Olaudah Equiano, commonly known as Gustavus Vassa was born. The youngest boy of seven children, he was a favorite of his mother. His narrative hasRead MoreOlaudah Equiano s Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pages Olaudah Equiano, also known as Gustavus Vassa, traveled much of the world encountering a variety of people from different cultures and backgrounds. In Equiano’s The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, the author witnesses how slavery was imbedded in the economic and social values of his day and age, through the experiences of others as well as himself. Having numerous relationships with people of differing religions, socioeconomic statuses, and principles, he developed a uniqueRead MoreTriangular Trade Route And The Middle Passage Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesTriangular Trade Research Paper The triangular Trade Route was a system of transferring goods, imports, and people throughout three different ports. Items were transported between the West Indies, Africa, and New England. The most known case of the Triangular Trade Route was in the 17th and 18th century when North American colonies would trade specific goods, like rum, in return for African slaves. The transfer of the slaves was referred to as the middle passage. The middle passage was a harsh andRead MoreEquiano s Narrative Of The Life Of Olaudah Equiano1367 Words   |  6 PagesOlaudah Equiano, the author of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano was captured in Africa and sold into slavery. Later in life, he purchased his freedom and wrote his autobiography in 1789. Equiano experienced hardships beyond imaging in his years as a slave and oftentimes witnessed extensive cruelty by whites towards Africans. Equiano s experience of the Atlantic slave trade and middle passage as we understand it to day was typical of a regular captive. The Atlantic slave tradeRead MoreEquiano s From The Interesting Narrative Of Olaudah Equiano980 Words   |  4 PagesOlaudah Equiano’s â€Å"From the Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano† is written with the intent of ending the slave trade and aiding the abolitionists’ movement. His narrative tells his personal story of kidnapping, being sold into slavery and his experience in the middle passage. According to this account Olaudah Equiano grew up in Africa with a large family. He was captured and sold into slavery at age eleven. As an adult he became an opposing voice to slavery. This autobiography was published

Employee and Payroll System Free Essays

Rwanda Tourism University College PROJECT PROPOSAL Project title: EMPLOYEE AND PAYROLL SYSTEM Done by: MAHORO Hisham BITG/0053/10/E Tel: +250788801653 Employee and Payroll System Introduction Employee and Payroll System, this project is made in the Microsoft Visual Basic 6. 0. This project keeps the record of employees working in the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Employee and Payroll System or any similar topic only for you Order Now A user can add, delete or update the record of one or more employees. This project also calculate   the   salary   of   employees   and   store them in a database. Description This is Employee and Payroll System software. In this software all the records of the employee is stored. Admin has the right to edit and delete the employee information. The employees can view their personal information,   salary details, and their leave details. this software is user friendly. This software can be used for those companies where they have lot of employees. here u will find all types of coding like coding for insert, delete, to view. Even u find queries like selecting the data from more than 2 tables. so u will get lot of help from this project. All about Employee and Payroll System: The first form in the project is welcome form. After it we write coding of above mention form which is define below:- 1. Coding for add record for Employee. 2. Coding for delete the record from . 3. Coding for editing the record from the data base. 4. Coding for view the record form. 5. Coding for the advance view record form. 6. Coding for the salary information form. 7. Coding for the salary input form. 8. Coding for the delete salary form. 9. Coding for some button such as exit, cancel, ok   next, previous and find   button. This project keeps the record of employees working in the company. A user can add, delete or update the record of one or more employees. This project also calculates the salary of employees and stores them in a database. So we define the coding of every from, one thing which is I forgot to tell you that we make a Eleven form in this project which is mention below:- * Welcome Form * Login Form * Main Form * Add New Record Form * Delete Record Form * Edit Record Form * View Record Form * Advance View Record * Salary Information Form * Edit Salary Form * Delete Salary Form How to cite Employee and Payroll System, Essay examples

Part-Time and Full-Time Employment Rates-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the relationship between part-time and full-time employment rates and gender and age. Answer: This reflective journal projects a weekly update of the 12 week period that has documented a critical analysis of the collected data regarding types of employment and how gender and age of the candidates negatively influence the rate of employment. This journal thus becomes the evidence of the researchers journey to attain the final outcome of the research work. It is seen that these issues are hampering the global economy day by day and is quite insulting for the individuals who has to face the harassments in the workplace or in the process of recruitment. There lies the importance of this research work. It took somewhat 3 weeks to create a business idea and to chalk out the necessary plan to establish the business in the domestic market. To establish a new business, it would be necessary to do some critical market research and while doing so various facts became clear to me and little did I know about these horrible facts regarding the rate of employment or the harassment of the aged employees. Preparing the business proposal took 3 weeks and the process was quite less time consuming as creating a great idea for a business was a bit of tough job. After chalking out the business proposal, I took 4 weeks to write the literature regarding various types of employment and how employment rate gets influenced by the age and gender of the candidates. After writing the literature, it was time to collect the primary data to analyze the factors and to attain a result for the research work. Data collection and the analyzing the data took 4 weeks to get completed. While doing the research work regarding the relation between part time and full time employment types, I got to know that there are several instances where the individuals get judged by people on the basis of their employment types. This is something unacceptable in todays world because, just like the full timers take full responsibility of their job, the part timer employees also take full responsibility at the workplace. The part timers serve 30 hours a week and the part timers devote more than 35 hours a week, and apart from that there are some difference in the salary structure and the perks that the full time employees get and the part timers do not (Fagan et al. 2015). In this context I believe it is worth mentioning that at the time of global recession, the big organizations sustained their existence by using a huge part time workforce to generate the desired productivity bearing lower company liability and thus the importance of the part timers must not be overlooked (Wanberg et al. 2016). When I was gathering the data by interviewing individuals, I got to know that there are several instances where after quitting a job when individuals of the age group (50 to 60 years) goes for an interview, in most cases they are looked at differently and gets judged on the basis of their age. Not only that, at times the individuals who are employed but falls under the elder age group receive less favor than the younger employees of that concern (Darolia 2014). This should not be done, as in recruitment process; the management should judge them on the basis of their level of competence and behavior. The things get worse when a female candidate who falls under the age group of 50 to 60 years goes for an interview. In this type of cases, the harassment those individuals have to bear are unimaginable and I find it very annoying. These practices should be stopped immediately and the government needs amend some laws regarding this issue soon. While collecting the data, another issue attracted my attention and that is the rate of employment gets influenced by the gender of the candidate. This is something that should not exist in the society as we live in a society where gender equality is one of the most important pillars of the formation of the society. In some nations where the level of education is on the lower end, these things happen, but when same thing occurs in the developing or an already developed country, it becomes a matter of concern (Chambel et al. 2016). It is seen how in developed countries of Europe, the rate of employment gets negatively influenced when it comes to hiring women for part time or full time jobs. This is something that can generate excruciating pain in the back of the mind and can potentially harm the level of confidence of the candidates. It is worth mentioning that the gender gaps in the rate of employment are not same in all the socio-economic groups. It is seen that mostly the women who belongs from families with lower spending capability faces these challenges in most cases (Abel, Deitz and Su 2014). These practices are blunt example of discriminations in the society and these things needs to be stopped immediately. After collecting all the necessary primary data, it took almost 4 weeks to analyze them and to come to a conclusion. While analyzing the data I was shocked to see the percentage of individuals who faced challenges in the workplace on the basis of their type of employment, their age and above all on the basis of their gender. This is something I found ridiculous and I strongly advocate the recruitment process where the level of competence of the candidate and the behavioral issues should be the only criterion of judging someone. Apart from that I strongly believe that the employed individuals should file a complaint to the authority or if needed, they should take legal help if they face any challenges in the workplace regarding their gender or age. These malpractices are pulling the society backwards and these sorts of practices needs to be stopped immediately. After analyzing the collected data, it took almost 7 weeks to complete the business report regarding the topic of relation between part time and full time employment under the light of the gender and age influenced rate of employment. This is becoming a social ill day by day and I believe that these activities are becoming the major hurdles in the path of progress of the society. I believe that completely eradicating these practices will require adequate time. Thus to conclude, it can be said that judging people on the basis of their age, gender or employment types is becoming a social ill day by day and these practices needs to be stopped immediately. It is seen how individuals get affected due to these sorts of practices and it is worth mentioning that these practices can potentially harm the level of confidence of the employees or the job aspirants. Thus, from the research it can be said that these malpractices needs to be stopped immediately for the betterment of the society References Abel, J.R., Deitz, R. and Su, Y., 2014. Are recent college graduates finding good jobs?. Baldwin, S., Costley, D. and Warren, A., 2014. Employment activities and experiences of adults with high-functioning autism and Aspergers disorder.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,44(10), pp.2440-2449. Chambel, M.J., Lorente, L., Carvalho, V. and Martinez, I.M., 2016. Psychological contract profiles among permanent and temporary agency workers.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(1), pp.79-94. Chou, L.P., Li, C.Y. and Hu, S.C., 2014. Job stress and burnout in hospital employees: comparisons of different medical professions in a regional hospital in Taiwan.BMJ open,4(2), p.e004185. Darolia, R., 2014. Working (and studying) day and night: Heterogeneous effects of working on the academic performance of full-time and part-time students.Economics of Education Review,38, pp.38-50. England, P., 2017.Households, employment, and gender: A social, economic, and demographic view. Routledge. Epstein, C.F., Seron, C., Oglensky, B. and Saute, R., 2014.The part-time paradox: Time norms, professional life, family and gender. Routledge. Fagan, C., Grimshaw, D., Rubery, J. and Smith, M., 2015.Women and European employment. Routledge. Wanberg, C.R., Kanfer, R., Hamann, D.J. and Zhang, Z., 2016. Age and reemployment success after job loss: An integrative model and meta-analysis.Psychological Bulletin,142(4), p.400.

The Impact of Hip Hop an Example by

The Impact of Hip Hop by Expert Briangeniuss-PhD | 28 Dec 2016 An article entitled Hip Hop and Its Wrong Identity writes about how 'hip-hop will remain as the leader of today's popular culture'. Because of this, knowing its impact on listeners is important. Measuring the effect of hip hop among the youth is a very broad topic. But through the effective designation of different questions applied in the research, there was a chance that the act of measuring the impact of hip hop among the youth can be done by breaking down hip hop through the different present social and personal life stratas to where it has managed to hold ground. These personal and social layers are the following: Hip hop and the Inpidual personality impact, Hip Hop and the Social Impact, Hip Hop and the Environment and Hip Hop and Its By-Product Stereotypes. Need essay sample on "The Impact of Hip Hop" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Hip Hop and Inpidual Personality Impact Hip hop is a state of being (Leslie, 2007), and the respondents' answers show that people have very varied reactions to the effect of hip hop in a personal level. The study showed that amongst the designated respondents of the study, 100 percent of the male respondents admitted that the glamorization of sex in rap music created a pressure on the respondent and to his peers to have sex. Among the three female respondents, two yielded the same answer similar to the yes answer of male respondents. One of the female respondents noted that every time a movie, commercial, music video, or song comes on, something about sex is most likely present. Sex is depicted as the ultimate pleasure, so one is bound to get curious. Students Frequently Tell EssayLab support: I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my boyfriend Essay writers recommend: Here Is Your Life Vest! Essay Helper Students Professional Writer For Hire Online Assignment Help Cheap Writing Services One respondent, a female interviewee, said replied 'not at all' when asked whether hip hop produces a certain kind of pressure to have sex. While the answers of the respondents on the influence of hip hop on the youth engaging in sex, the manner by which they responded to the query on hip hop and drugs and violence leaves a lot of gray areas; it was an avenue not clearly defined by mere yes and no answers as respondents took time to pen out their sentiments on what is considered as a very strong and noticeable feature of hip hop. One respondent noted how she feels deeply saddened and very angry that these rappers think it is okay to promote that type of lifestyle to our people, who are already out there killing each other even as another respondent noted how it is unnecessary to do it as excessively as they do while another respondent expressed concern, saying that they should do this because some youth do not know how to differentiate reality from tv. They see these rappers with all this money and they look so happy promoting drugs and violence. So the youth may begin to think that this is how one goes about attaining happiness. Other respondents tried to look at the brandishing of hip hop of drugs and violence on a deeper, psychological perspective, as one respondent noted how hip hop artists maybe just putting on a front because half of them probably grew up in drug free, positive environments while another respondent provided a more cognitive insight, marketing and business-wise: They know that that sort of thing sells well so they talk about it. But it was not a resounding 100 percent as the study yielded the presence of apathy among the respondents. One of the respondents considers the rappers promotion of the use of the drugs and violence in their song and videos as something that the respondent 'can care less' because it doesnt affect me. Hip Hop and the Social Impact The most noticeable contribution of modern rap and hip hop, which has permeated popular culture (Reese, 1998), to the society is the persistence of hurtful, derogative and insulting terms that, sadly, insults, belittles and humiliates the same set of people that gave hip hop the opportunity to blossom as a majority musical genre. African American and other black artists understand that most of their listeners are of the same genealogy and yet terms referring to black inpiduals continue to be pervasive, calling them niggers, hoes (a corruption of the term 'whores') and bitches. Despite the fact that more than half of the respondents are women, the answer towards the use of degrading terms to refer to women in hip hop songs elicited a variety of reactions from the respondents. One believes that all women should not be considered as either a whore or a bitch while another respondent said that 'it is only offensive to women in a certain category'. I do think that it is very unnecessary to refer to women in that way because I dont consider myself either. So if you act the way they are talking about you should be offended by it. Some of the respondents feel offended and angry' while another respondent consider it a degrading term. A female respondent noted how she takes the n word to mean an ignorant African-American who does not have a mind of his/her own and doesnt have the ability to amount to anything while the other female respondent said that she does not like when I hear the n word because it was a term that our oppressors used and now we are using the term ourselves. But what can be considered as either more alarming or as a sign of apathy is the fact that majority of the respondents are hardly affected by the use of the 'n' word. One respondent noted how it means...nothing because it has become so prevalent in todays society that Ive come to ignore it, the same outlook of another respondent who heard it so much that it just another word to him. One of the respondents has a more complex take on the issue: I dont really think about it too much unless I am around other races when it is playing. I interpret the word in songs as just a word they use to refer to other people. If the song is not sung by a black person, I would be offended. As varied as the respondents' answers to the use of n word was the outcome of the respondents collective belief about the impact of government censorship in music, noting how some do not believe that controlling the use of the n word can lower violence in the urban communities. One respondent said that it is all a scheme to place blame. That is where they get their satisfaction while another points out to the fact that even with radio censorship, you still have movies and TV to worry about. Still, some of the respondents are optimistic of the positive impact of government censorship of the n word; 'it may decreaseits hard to say. Life imitates art and art imitates life. Hip Hop and the Environment Majority of the respondents believe that the environment that they grew in determine their lifestyles. One respondent expounded why: I grew up in a pretty nice neighborhood in Detroit. Most of the people that I am/was around were either at or above my socioeconomic level. Therefore, I thought that this lifestyle was the normworking parents, adequate money, vacations at least once a year, literate, and things of that nature. As I got older, I realized that that wasnt the case. For instance, Detroit has a very high level of illiteracy. In addition, drugs arent anything that appeals to me but there are many people my age who take drugs. Since I was raised around people who knew that they didnt need drugs and I was informed of the harmful effects of drugs, I dont have a desire to do drugs. Again, it did not yield a unanimous answer since not everyone agreed on the given premise. But environment is not just an issue about the listeners and how it impacts them; the research also noticed the persistence of repetitive themes based on environment issues like thugs, neighborhood violence and the absence or shortness of social control. Three of the respondents pointed out the refusal of rappers to grow up, saying that they still have a hood mentality. There has been no inward change; all that has changed is their outward appearance, while the other reasoned that nothing really changes and the old rappers still living in the past and if they stop rapping the way they do they will be called (sic) abandoners of there community, they will be told they forgot where they came from. The third respondent who shared the majority opinion said that they dont want to seem like a sell-out. They dont want people to think that they forgot where they came from. In addition, its probably the only thing that they know so it is hard to make that transition from hood to sophisticated. A respondent, however, point out to business reasons, saying that the attitude is called 'profit'. Its what makes his money so he knows his audience will purchase his work. Money rules everything. The respondents were not unanimous as well in answering the question Do you think that hip-hop music has the same affects on kids outside of America? Some said no, owing to the fact that 'we dont hear about it here' and that ' they probably believe that stuff only happen in America while one said yes I have been to other countries and if they have access to some kind of media, they are very westernized. They know who all the big artists are over here. The respondents belief in the effect of hip-hop music in white suburbia and its similarity in the inner cites is more united with a resounding no. Respondents believe that there are many reasons why the government is still at odds with hip hop generally. One respondents reason was this: Because hip-hop encouraged black people to join together for a common goal. The government knows how powerful we can be if we united together for a positive change, that is why they didnt like hip- hop, while another one said that 'because most people attribute hip-hop to black people and the government wants to do anything to keep us oppressed. One respondent has a more insightful comment: I think that the governments problem is because some rappers talk about more political things and not just doing drugs and having sex. They dont like people doing that because it gets listeners thinking about it. Hip hop and Its By-Product Stereotypes Hip Hop is one of the most controversial categories of music (WriterzBlock, 2006), and the media chronicles the high end lifestyle of rappers and hip hop artists. But some respondents believe that while they are capable of earning that much money, most of them do not know how to use it. As commented by one of the respondents, ' There are stereotypes that say that black rappers are ignorant when it comes to spending money. For instance, they spend their money on depreciating material goods oppose to investing wisely. They were so much (too much) jewelry, over priced clothing and accessories just to say that they can afford it. But you never here them talking about investing in stock or savings bonds or things that appreciate over the years'. Another respondent noted how they but large mansions that they hardly have time to live in, but they dont donate money to worthy causes. One respondent, however, considered this particular stereotype as not true at all. But money spending is not just the only stereotype that this particular musical genre created; it also created the hip hop and rap stereotype. When asked what the difference between rap and hip-hop music is, one respondent said I really dont know, but if I had to guess I would say Rap is the nonsense music that we hear on the radio today. Basically music with no meaning, and hip-hop is a movement/genre of music with a purpose, positive meaning and meant to better people not degrade them while another opined that rap is driven more from that inpiduals environment. Hip Hop geared more toward having a good time. One respondent said that 'rap is more of the cursing type and dissing but hip-hop is like a new generation of R while another one said rap is just a style, hip-hop is a culture. The fifth respondent was plain honest and ignorant, saying I dont remember. Conclusion The study was undertaken with the objective of identifying whether the hypothesis presented was correct or not, that hip-hop music most likely has taken a negative effect on todays youth because of the lack of education of the youth who are listening to hip hop music, the absence of sufficient guidance that can empower the upholding of correct morals, principles and values, the lack of family stability and the persistence and existence of violence in the cities where hip hop is prevalent and influential. The result of the survey indicated that neither was the hypothesis completely correct nor was it completely incorrect. This is because, as the study shows, the impact of hip hop differs from one person to another and differs in the level by which it touches and influences a listener. The replies of the respondents to the questionnaire was varied, and the absence of uniform answers to the questions which tried to tie hip hop and the youth into one standardized listener stereotype did not manifest at all because, as the study shows, there are other factors that either balances out the perceived negative impact of hip hop or puts hip hop and its components in an entirely different context. The study also revealed that there is a need for further research because there are still many things that the study did not discuss because the influence of Hip Hop on American culture grows stronger every year (Hip Hop Film Festival). References: Smith, E. (2004). Hip-Hop as Culture. Youth Specialties. Retrieved November 5, 2007. Free Essays (2003). Influence of Hip-Hop. Retrieved November 5, 2007 Herald Sun. Muslim Hip Hop Group Raps Against Drugs. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www.hiphoplinguistics.com/blog/?p=507 Hip Hop Film Festival (2006). Retrieved November 5, 2007, from http://www.hiphopfilmfestival.com/ Leslie. 2007). Hip Hop: What is it All About? My Sistahs. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from http://www.mysistahs.org/features/about_hiphop.htm Marin, I. (2005). The Effect of Wearing Hip Hop Clothes. EzineArticles. Retrieved November 06, 2007, from http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Effect-of-Wearing-Hip-Hop Clothes&id=100359 Reese, R. (1998). From the Fringe: The Hip Hop Culture and Ethnic Relations. Far West and Popular Culture Conference. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www.csupomona.edu/~rrreese/HIPHOP.HTML University of Louisville (2007). Hip Hop and Its Wrong Identit. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from http://louisville.edu/~jjtrox01/research1.html WriterzBlock. (2006). African American Art: Influence of Hip Hop in the Community. How Much of an Influence Does it Have. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/54412/african_american_art_influence_ of_hip.html

Fiscal deficit Essays - Fiscal Policy, United States Fiscal Cliff

Fiscal deficit Essays - Fiscal Policy, United States Fiscal Cliff Fiscal deficit means government expenditure exceeds its revenue in any particular year. All taxpayers are affected by U.S.'s deficit and debt. Higher government debt crowds out private investment in the form of higher taxes and inflation. Higher debt raises several question marks on government ability to repay it. Due to higher debt levels, risk premium increases, which leads to rise in interest rates. High interest rates negatively interest rate sensitive sectors of the economy such as real estate, consumer durable. High government deficit results in increasing US debt. In order to reduce the current deficit, government hikes tax rate on taxpayers. High debt and fiscal deficit affect US taxpayers in the form of tax hikes, high interest rate on debt, reduced social security benefits/programs and weakening of currency. The overall effect of all these measures results in lower purchasing power of taxpayers and they are left with less money to invest or spend. Fiscal surplus means government revenue exceeds its expenditure in any particular year. When the government runs surplus, it positively affect taxpayers. There are differing ways in which government could spend surplus money. The surplus money could be used to repay debt. Government can decide to issue tax refund to taxpayers or government can increase its spend on social security benefits and programs. The overall effect of all these measures results in higher purchasing power of taxpayers and they could spend or invest more money. References How our national debt hurts our economy. (n.d.). Retrieved July 24, 2015.

Market Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Structure - Essay Example Simultaneously, economics can be defined as a way of thinking. In the present day context, business units get largely impacted by the market structure of the place or a particular nation as business performance is directly dependent on how the economy behaves in the long run. Notably, on the basis of economic situations and other features, market structure of a place is divided into several forms including perfect competition, monopolistic competition and oligopoly and each one of them has their own characteristics or features. Business units have the need to analyze these particular features to ensure the accomplishment of their business targets (Baumol & Blinder, 2011; Hubbard, 2007). In this proposed discussion, the main aim will be to describe various market structures including perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly along with identifying a few of the characteristics of each of the market structures. Additionally, the paper will discuss the way in which high entry barriers into the market can influence long-run profitability of a firm. The paper will also discuss price elasticity of demand of each of the market structures and its impact on pricing of products to get a more comprehensive understanding about the same. Perfect competition describes such market conditions, where a large number of sellers are involved in business activities and also the sellers are dealing with homogeneous products. Notably, in this sort of market structure, none of the players are big or large enough to capture the entire market by their operations. In such market scenarios, each of the players in the market is competent enough to ensure perfect competition for others in the same market which further augments the level of competition in the market. This sort of market structure provides utmost opportunities for business units to perform in an effective manner; otherwise they might perish while attaining long-term sustainability (Baumol

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Art - Essay Example This is acknowledged to be one of the artist’s best known prints, and has been reproduced several times from the few impressions available. As compared to his later impressions, there are noted to be some differences such as the shape of the arm â€Å"which is not as yet fully defined† (Ivins: 182). This is one of the several aquatints created by Goya during the last years of his life. According to Schider (p. xxii), the tone of the picture can be lightened by scraping, but cannot be darkened, hence the method involves an exacting procedure. Similar to work done by mezzotint engravers the copper was first roughened with grainy aquatint. Then Goya created the masterpiece by scraping highlights into the prepared surface of the coppersheet. The menacing and mysterious figure of the gargantuan being who could be a Titan such as Prometheus or Zeus, was thus sculpted out of the darkness of the background. In Goya’s etchings with aquatint, known as â€Å"the Caprices†, his main technical achievement was: creating a visual world in which shapes emerge from the darkness (Murray: 153). The artist’s nightmares are portrayed; the form and content of which are unmindful of the natural laws of the universe. The light falls on the image evocatively, but is not realistic. The precise meanings of the images that he created were not clearly explained, and were left to the onlooker’s imagination to interpret at will. Francisco de Goya y Lucientes is observed to have mostly avoided classical themes, and especially did not use orthodox neoclassicism which defined a preference for line over colour, used static poses and refrained from depicting emotion. The term romantic classicism was coined by the art historian Sigfried Giedion, who believed that neoclassicism as an independent style did not exist, and that classical antiquity was compatible with romanticism

Nurse Coping Procedures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nurse Coping Procedures - Research Paper Example Coping up with the stress is quite significant; however, it is often noted that the nurses find themselves in such circumstances where the key source of stress is difficult to be abolished or at least controlled considerably (Lambert & Lambert, 2008). The chief objective of this paper is to identify the ways in which nurses can effectively cope up with the various stressors persisting in their daily work-life. The study also attempts at comprehending how nurses can individually cope up with the consequences of stress, rendering due significance to the steps taken by the hospital authorities towards assisting them in dealing with the problems. Stress can be defined as the emotional and physical response which an individual tends to experience when he/she perceives an imbalance between the demands placed upon them and the resources availed. Stress becomes most apparent when there is a requirement of coping with such grave issues (Greenberg, 2008). It is to be mentioned that stress may range from major physical crisis such as a heart attack to minor symptoms such as tiredness and interrupted sleep patterns. Thus, it is quite significant for the nurses to identify and administer the early symptoms of stress so that they can deter serious effects related to stress upon their health (Kane, 2008). It is quite significant to study in details the various stressors that are learned to hamper the productivity and lives of the nurses in their daily work-life. It has been noted that most of the nurses offer direct care to the patients and, thus, they become emotionally attached to the patients. Furthermore, a few of them are even observed to be emotionally abused by their patients. In the current scenario, the workload is also regarded as another major contributor towards stress among the nurses. Lack of support and poor working relationship with the doctors also lead to stress and thus hamper the day to day activities of the nurses.     Ã‚  

Impact Of Current Small Networks

Impact Of Current Small Networks One of the ways to categorize the different types of computer network designs is by using their scope or scale in account. Almost every type of design as some kind of area network is referred by networking industry and that is due to history of computer networking. Common examples of area network types are:- A LAN is used to connect network devices over short distance like an office building, school, or home. Generally a single LAN is used, though sometimes one building will contain a few small LAN, and occasionally a LAN will cover a group of nearby buildings. Moreover LANs are also typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization. WAN Wide Area Network A WAN covers a large distance. The Internet is the largest WAN, spanning the Earth. A geographically-dispersed collection of LANs is a WAN. Routers are used to connect LANs to a WAN. Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any one organization they are under distributed ownership and management. LAN, WAN and Home Networking Home users use LAN and connect to the Internet WAN through an Internet Service Provider (ISP) using a broadband modem. Once connected, all computers on the home LAN can communicate directly with each other and they are bound to go through a central gateway, typically a broadband router, to reach the ISP. Some other types of networks are also classified:- Wireless Local Area Network a LAN which is based on WiFi wireless network technology Metropolitan Area Network owned and operated by a single entity such as a government body, it is a network covering a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city. Campus Area Network a network covering multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, such as on a university or local business campus. System Area Network it is used to link high-performance computers with high-speed connections in a grouped configuration. It is also called as Cluster Area Network. Range of some devices on the network:- Laptop: When using a laptop with public hotspots, a strong Wi-Fi signal is must for successful Internet access and good connection speed. A wireless laptop with limited range will most probably suffer from slow Internet connections. Smart phones, PDAs, etc.: It is perfect to free the most portable of all devices to be freed from wires. For that we need a fast Internet connection (DSL, cable model or wired Ethernet) with a Wi-Fi access point start.   Other than this we use some devices such as Digital Media Server (DMS), Digital Media Controller (DMC), Digital Media Printer (DMPr) etc, for devices on network. Task 2- briefly describe each device participation/role in the network. Example; Router to connect to the Internet, etc. Computer network devices also called communication devices and they have a data communication network. We have routers, switches, hubs, LAN cards, gateway, modems, hardware firewall, CSU/DSU, ISDN terminals and transceivers under this head. These devices are must need for data communication in an Ethernet or WAN network. Understanding of these devices is necessary for an IT professional or a network administrator. After selection of best devices one must ensure that they are compatible with each other. The top vendors are Cisco, D-Link, LinkSys, Baynet, RealTek, 3Com, NetGear, Intel, Nortel, and Lucent etc. These vendors help you get devices. We can reduce the operational cost and enhance the overall performance dramatically by a well designed IT infrastructure with the proper placement of the routers, servers, gateway and switches. Routers:- It is a communication device which is used to connect two logically and physically different networks, two LANs, two WANs and a LAN with WAN. Router is mainly used to sort and the distribute data packets to their destinations according to their IP addresses. Router is a main device for the connectivity between the enterprise businesses, ISPs and in the internet infrastructure. Cisco routers are widely used in the world. Every router has IOS which is routing software. Router does not broadcast the data packets. Switches:- Alike the router, a switch is an intelligent device which is used to map the IP address with the MAC address of the LAN card. It sends the data packets only to the destined computer. Switches are used in the LAN, MAN and WAN. There are three methods to transmit the data in a network via switches i.e. store and forward, cut through and fragment free. Hubs Hub is a central connecting device in a computer network. There are two types of a hub i.e. active hub and passive hub. Every computer is directly connected with the hub. Data packets are broadcasted to all the LAN cards in a network and the destined recipient picks them and all other computers discard the data packets. Hub has five, eight, sixteen and more ports and one port is known as uplink port, which is used to connect with the next hub. Modems It is a communication device that is used to provide the connectivity with the internet. Its working is in two ways: modulation and demodulation. Either it coverts the digital data into the analog or analog to digital LAN Cards LAN cards are the building blocks of a computer network. They are also called as network adapters. A properly installed and configured LAN card is need for computers to communicate. A unique IP address every is there with every LAN card. Different LAN cards support different speeds. Multiplexer It is used to combine the several electrical signals into one signal. Task 3 briefly describe and evaluate the impact of SOHO networks, such as; †¢ limited connections †¢ number of devices on the network †¢ usage social networking, video-streaming, entertainment, gaming, home working, etc. †¢ security Firewalls, sharing folders, VPN, wireless encryption, etc. †¢ Bandwidth constraints †¢ User expectations †¢ Sharing of resources †¢ Use of technology †¢ Communications Bluetooth, 3G, Broadband, etc. The small office home office has gone through a great transformation in recent years as technology has advanced to another level. Small office/home office (SOHO) network is growing in popularity among network types. It is a modern concept for the category of business, which involves from 1 to 10 workers.. To a great extent companies which market products targeting the great numbers of small businesses that have a small or medium sized office use SOHO. Basically it includes less than 10 PCs and may not include servers at all. Network resources such as DNS server resolution and e-mail servers are generally located offsite, either hosted by an ISP or at a corporate office. Cable, DSL, or perhaps ISDN are used to provide internet access for the SOHO network. An inexpensive router is used for the boundary between the LAN and the WAN connections. This router may also serve double duty as a firewall to shield the SOHO network from malicious activity. To provide interconnections between clie nt PCs and the router, and many routers include an integral hub or switch. It has simplicity that is why Ethernet is generally the LAN standard used to wire the SOHO network. Wireless standards such as 802.11b are starting to appear for a vital use in the SOHO market. It eliminates the need for adding LAN wiring in the home. When a small office needs to connect to a corporate environment with security involved then some sort of VPN device is either built into the router itself or on the LAN. We must ensure security for SOHO networks. As there is increase in number of employees so are their sophisticated computer networks in their homes. It comprise a mix of personal and company equipment. Many enterprises believe that practice of conducting work at home on employee-purchased PCs or networking equipment will save them money. However, we are bound to face security problems when users link personal systems to the corporate network. This is most in the cases when enterprises fall prey to false assumptions about the associated risks. While working from home on network-connected personal systems, enterprise data can be dangerously exposed by employees. For security: before turned in for service, users must be warned about the exposure risks of leaving personal and business data on personal systems. PCs with preloaded safeguards such as disk encryption can be a solution too. At least, encouragement should be there for employees to use system passwords and disk encryption. A combination of policy control, configuration lockdown, personal firewall, and central firewall filters to block installation of the better-known file-sharing and remote-control programs can be used. Similarly protection methodology can be used for personal systems. Enterprises shouldnt rely on employees personal equipment and networks conform to enterprise security and privacy standards. They should follow best practices to ensure security. Training and awareness programs will help remind users of the risks of data exposure and the potential damage such exposure can cause to themselves and the enterprise. They can implement thin client computing solutions, which minimize the risk of data exposure on non enterprise-owned systems.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Lines 1372-1453 from The Norton Anthology of English Literature Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was written in the fourteenth century by an anonymous poet who was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer. The story was originally written in a Northern dialect. It tells the story of Sir Gawain's first adventure as a knight. This section of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight pertains to the agreement between Bercilak de Hautdesert, the host, and Gawain. Bercilak is to go hunting in the morning, while Gawain sleeps. Upon the return of Bercilak from his hunting trip, he is to give to Gawain all that he has caught. In return, Gawain is to return all that he has won in his "hunt." They make this bargain three times, at the end of each day. The segment begins with Bercilak showing Gawain the fruits of his hunting trip. Gawain returns the fruits of his "hunt" by bestowing on Bercilak a kiss. The source of the kiss given to Gawain remains anonymous. However, Gawain is not aware that Bercilak knows exactly where and from whom Gawain has received his gift. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight consists of three hunts, three temptations, and three different animals. It is not by accident that the first day's hunt is for deer. The deer represents the innocence and purity of Gawain as a knight. The lengthy and detailed description of the hunt and the capture of the deer serve to emphasize the symbolism of the deer. The even more detailed description of the slaughter and butchering of the meat further emphasizes the symbolism. It can be inferred that the butchering of the deer is similar to the fate that awaits Gawain when he meets with the Green Knight. The next day's hunt is for a wild boar. The fierce animal is symbolic of Gawain's reactions to the increasing advances from Bercilak's wife. The boar is fierce and much more difficult to catch and kill, just as Gawain is steady in his resistance to temptation. Bercilak is aware that Gawain is resistant to all temptation at this point. Gawain is true to his reputation of a chivalrous, worthy knight. The third day's hunt is for the wily and cunning fox. This is symbolic of the clever way that Gawain resists temptation. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Lines 1372-1453 from The Norton Anthology of English Literature Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was written in the fourteenth century by an anonymous poet who was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer. The story was originally written in a Northern dialect. It tells the story of Sir Gawain's first adventure as a knight. This section of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight pertains to the agreement between Bercilak de Hautdesert, the host, and Gawain. Bercilak is to go hunting in the morning, while Gawain sleeps. Upon the return of Bercilak from his hunting trip, he is to give to Gawain all that he has caught. In return, Gawain is to return all that he has won in his "hunt." They make this bargain three times, at the end of each day. The segment begins with Bercilak showing Gawain the fruits of his hunting trip. Gawain returns the fruits of his "hunt" by bestowing on Bercilak a kiss. The source of the kiss given to Gawain remains anonymous. However, Gawain is not aware that Bercilak knows exactly where and from whom Gawain has received his gift. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight consists of three hunts, three temptations, and three different animals. It is not by accident that the first day's hunt is for deer. The deer represents the innocence and purity of Gawain as a knight. The lengthy and detailed description of the hunt and the capture of the deer serve to emphasize the symbolism of the deer. The even more detailed description of the slaughter and butchering of the meat further emphasizes the symbolism. It can be inferred that the butchering of the deer is similar to the fate that awaits Gawain when he meets with the Green Knight. The next day's hunt is for a wild boar. The fierce animal is symbolic of Gawain's reactions to the increasing advances from Bercilak's wife. The boar is fierce and much more difficult to catch and kill, just as Gawain is steady in his resistance to temptation. Bercilak is aware that Gawain is resistant to all temptation at this point. Gawain is true to his reputation of a chivalrous, worthy knight. The third day's hunt is for the wily and cunning fox. This is symbolic of the clever way that Gawain resists temptation.

7 Principle of Supply Chain Management Essay

1. Introduction Before we are to analysis this article, first let us clarify something before we start .In this article, it states the 7 principles of supply chain management and its importance in practical ,many of us must have a question, what is a supply chain management and why is it important for a company today ? See more: Satirical elements in the adventure of Huckleberry Finn essay Supply chain management (SCM) is the process that is used by a company to ensure that its supply chain is efficient and cost effective. They are aiming at provide the highest degree of customer satisfaction at the lowest possible cost through management of material and information flow in the supply chain .It requires the commitment of supply chain partners to work closely to coordinate order generation, order taking, and order fulfillment. Supply chain management consists of three flows: product flow, information flow and finance flow. Product flow is the physical movement of raw materials, work-in-process and finished product from supplier to manufacturer to the wholesaler and on to the consumer. Information flow is the shared information within the supply chain garnered from the various systems such as the transport planning systems, warehouse management systems, customer record management, order fulfillment systems and more. The third flow is the flow of money. This would be billing, the giving of credit, the transfer of money from manufacturer to supplier or from the consumer to the manufacturer or reversed. Any documentation with regards to money will be managed as part of this flow. Benefits of integrated supply chain management: There are countless benefits that supply chain management can bring to companies. Not only does it make for shorter lead-times to a customer and improved planning and forecasting capabilities for all partners of the supply chain, it also leads to cost savings and efficiency optimization. Time advantage is created when one of the business processes is faster than the other in achieving the same result. It is created through eliminate those processes that don’t add value but only add lead time. It becomes a competitive advantage when the firm develops processes that will enable it to quickly introduce new products in the market and portray the company as a pioneer. Cost advantage is created when the superior business process is cheaper to operate than the inferior other. It arises from better manufacturing process, cheaper inputs, or higher levels of automation that increase efficiency. Efficiency advantage is created when the superior business processes provide higher throughput, better asset utilization which include people, machine, technology and those can provide useful function in the business process .It normally results in more favourable cost structure and supports a cost-based business strategy. 2. Analyzing 7 principles Principle 1: Segment customers based on the service needs of distinct groups and adapt the supply chain to serve these segments profitably. Customer Segmentation is the subdivision of a market into discrete customer groups that share similar characteristics. Companies try to boost profitability by tailoring their supply chain strategy to each customer and product in their portfolio through segmentation. It help companies to gain competition by identify those underserved segments and then developing unique appealing products and services. By understanding the profit profiles of their customers and products, companies can develop marketing campaigns and pricing strategies to get maximum value and thus increase the overall profitability of their portfolios. However in today’s real market, there still existing â€Å"one size fits all† supply chain processes and policies, some companies use this method to serve their customers .The result is obvious, some customers are over serving and undeserving others, the more deeper influences are result a significant profitability from the over serving customers and cash-flow leakages and potentially lost sales from the undeserving customers. Segmentation can help address some problems in the supply chain processes .First is demand variability, properly structured segmentation policies for customers and products can significantly reduce the impact of demand variability. So what is variability? Variability is basically the difference between what we expect from something and what actually happens. It is the statistical distribution of outcomes one can expect from a process. Another is to simultaneously provide high levels of responsiveness and efficiency. In order to maximize sales and profits, companies may choose to use different methods to serve customers .Some products within a portfolio could be served through an efficient supply chain while others are served through a responsive supply chain. For example, a chip company manufacturing two different types of chips which are normal one and high-tech chips .company may deliver their normal chips through efficiency supply chain and deliver their high-tech chips through highly responsive supply chain. This is what we can understand as segment products through its features .One segment is for normal products which are predictable and another for high-tech products which is unpredictable .Company can through monitor the different segments to set different forecasting and stocking policies. In the 1990s Dell revolutionized both the computer industry and supply chain management with its direct-to-consumer business model. For the past several years, however, the company has been transforming its supply chain into a multichannel, segmented model, with different policies for serving consumers, corporate customers, distributors, and retailers. Through this transformation, Dell has saved US $1.5 billion in operational costs1 and has moved to the number two spot on Gartner’s â€Å"Top 25 Supply Chains† list. Dell is one of a number of enterprises that are benefiting from supply chain segmentation, a process by which companies can create profitable one-to-one relationships between their customers and their supply chains. Under this model, different customers associated with different channels and different products are served through different supply chain processes, policies, and operational modes. The goal is to find the best supply chain processes and policies to serve each customer and each product at a given point in time while also maximizing both customer service and company profitability. Principle 2: Customize the logistics network to the service requirements and profitability of customer segments. Logistics networks configuration is such kind of problems concerning with the number and site of warehouses and manufacturing plants, allocation of customer demand, distribution of warehouses to production plants along the whole process of material flow .Ideally, the best configuration must be able to deliver the goods to the customers within the shortest period of time meanwhile at the lowest cost. The objective of design or reconfiguration of the logistics network is to minimize annual system wide cost subject to a variety of service level requirements. In today’s environment of global economy, companies must be figured out some special ways that can utilize worldwide resources to keep the advantages of competition .They need to concern variety of problems such as where the most appropriate manufacturing facility should be that available for source products ,how to keep the balance between inventory ,transportation and manufacturing costs ,how to meet the demand uncertainty ,especially for those multinational companies because they have large scale of production and the cost definitely will be complicated than those small companies .All the successful companies have a well developed and realizable logistics system .High efficient logistics system will benefit companies from cost controlling ,high level customer service satisfaction and reach a business successfully . Now let’s take a look at Audi, one of the most successful car manufacturer in the world and how does the logistics network help them stand in the world. Audi outsource its logistics function to third-party logistics firms, so their manufacturing companies can focus their efforts on their core competencies and 3PL only needs to be efficient and effective to meet customers’ demands. In Audi Company, there are three new models for logistics network design with special focus on the perspective of 3PL companies. The objective of these new models is to increase the effectiveness of the resulting network design and the utilization of facilities in the network. 3 models of logistics network: †¢ Logistics network design with differentiated delivery lead time, †¢ Logistics network design with price discount, and †¢ Consolidated logistics network design using consolidation hubs. This shows that designing network with differentiated delivery lead time can reduce the network cost, while the other shows price discount can result in a network design with higher net profits, adding consolidation hubs at suitable locations near to the suppliers, it can leverage on concave Audi’s cost to reduce the overall network cost. This reflect that how does a good logistics network can help a company to be more productive. Principle 3: Listen to market signals and align demand planning accordingly across the supply chain, ensuring consistent forecasts and optimal resource allocation. This principle teaches us the importance of a good sales and operations planning to a company. Sales and operations planning is a process where executive level management regularly meets and reviews projections for demand, supply and the resulting financial impact. S&OP is a decision making process that makes certain that tactical plans in every business area are in line with the overall view of the company’s business plan. Each year, companies always have to spend a large amount of money on out of stock, excess inventory and excessive discounting due to imbalance between supply and demand .In addition ,promotions, new product introductions, packaging changes and changing demand patterns can all wreak havoc on the demand and supply planning process. But if companies implement sales and operations planning, it will help them gain the visibility and agility to improve product management and promotional planning, better understanding those necessary and unnecessary build-ups of inventory. S&OP is effective because it comprehensive and take everything into consideration .It develops a well coordinated operating plan in support of customer demand, business plan as well as companies strategy .It describe a complete picture of forecast demand ,supply capacity and financial information . Principle 4: Differentiate product closer to the customer and speed conversion across the supply chain. This principle focus on two factors, one is product differentiation and the other is speed conversion across the supply chain .Product differentiation is the process of distinguishing a product or offering from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market. In economics, successful product differentiation leads to monopolistic competition and is inconsistent with the conditions for perfect competition, which include the requirement that the products of competing firms should be perfect substitutes. The purpose of product differentiation is to develop a position that customer see could be seen as unique ,as the product become more different, categorization becomes more difficult and hence draws fewer comparisons with its competition. If a company does very in product differentiation, it will divert people’s eyes from price factors to non-price factors such as product characteristics, promotional variables. After companies have differentiated their product ,they should think about some ways that can deliver it into customers hands which require them to speed conversion and compress the lead time .It has been consistently argued that time is the competitive weapon in the market .Lead time compression will have a greater effect on supply chain effectiveness .In the increasingly global marketplace most companies are competing with similar machines ,technologies and expertise ,the one who can launch product faster or speedup marketplace responsiveness will win market opportunities .This is the point they should catch up . Principle 5: Manage sources of supply strategically to reduce the total cost of owning materials and services. The relationship between buyer and supplier have been attracting a lot of people’s attention, a company maintain a good long tern buyer-supplier relationships will benefits both parties .No only company can keep its competitiveness in the marketplace meanwhile secure the access to external resources ,but also supplier can reach to a high profit for the sake of long term relationship .In other words which means the more close their relationship are ,the more benefits both parties will receive such as lowered costs and improve profits .Referring to this principle ,a company only with a good resource management system, knowing when to order, when to replenishment ,analyze the whole inventory system ,minimize the delivery time from supplier ,with all those factors implemented can make the company save money even make a profit . Principle 6: Develop a supply chain-wide technology strategy that supports multiple levels of decision making and gives a clear view of the flow of products, services, and information. The purpose of supply chain exists is to satisfy what the customers’ require .So in this case in order to meet customer requirement on time ,the information must be made available to those who need to plan and execute the operations of the supply chain. Thus a information technology should be implemented in the supply chain to ensure that information available when needed .We need communications technology to distribute information, storage technology to maintain databases, and processing technology to process the data into meaningful information. Under the technology strategies implement, efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain could be greatly enhanced based on the use of information technologies. New technological solutions have provided companies with completely new ways for information sharing in support of coordination and on the other hand, for handling of transactions with less friction Technology also plays an important role in the success of supply chain management, the biggest benefits technology has given to supply chain is the ability for companies to collaborate. For example, a supplier may build a connection with their distributors through internet, so when there is a shortage appears distributors can realize it and an order for the shortage could be placed automatically. This kind of collaboration can better use of existing resources and achieve a large profit margin. Principle 7: Adopt channel-spanning performance measures to gauge collective success in reaching the end-user effectively and efficiently. In order to make the supply chain becomes more effectively ,we need to measure the supply chain performance not only focusing on cost measurement but also need to consider other metrics including service ,financial and innovation .This principle refers to the inadequate of traditional accounting systems, it points out some factors that traditional accounting system do not take into consideration .Traditional cost accounting allocates the costs to the list of overhead and supporting those activities that company needs to do .There are different volumes of activities so that higher volume activities absorb a higher share of costs .However ,not all the activities costs vary directly with volume ,there are other factors may cause them such as the number of new customers, production line set ups and different parts to manage .If a company wants to achieve true profitability, they need to better manage those cost relationships correctly . 3. Conclusion Supply chain management typically begins with the acquisition of raw resources and ends with the delivery of the final goods to customers.It encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third party service providers, and customers. In essence, supply chain management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies. The 7 principles described in this article is just give us guide line in which if we want to make a successful supply chain .Keep learning from others and finding the shortcomings if we want the supply chain to be more effectively and efficiently, Improving a process as complex as the supply chain can be daunting, as companies are challenged with finding ways to meet ever-rising customer expectations at a manageable cost. To do so, businesses must identify which parts of their supply chain process are not competitive, understand which customer needs are not being met, establish improvement goals, and rapidly implement necessary improvements.

Magnificent play Essay

Language is extremely powerful in ‘The Crucible’. Miller’s words are used effectively and do not include anything unnecessary to convey the idea. For instance, ‘She thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave. And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whore’s vengeance and you must see it, I set myself entirely in your hands. ‘ This quote consists of simple speech and tells a straightforward message. Proctor knows his mistake and regrets it, but he also knows he must reveal it to the court in order to stop the trials. Another example of a powerful quote is ‘A person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between. ‘ This quote is very effective in a way Danforth is telling everyone their fate. He is saying those against the court are evil and will suffer the consequences for it, presumably death. he tells everyone in favour of the witch trials that they are victorious and have nothing to worry about if they carry on as they are doing. The theme of this play I believe is a very interesting one. In my opinion ‘The Crucible’ is about rising over adversity, standing for the truth even to the death. there are many examples in the play to support my opinion. John in the beginning wanted to keep distant from the trials, he didn’t want to have a part whether good or bad, but when Elizabeth was arrested he was forced to take part. Throughout the trial, he stood for the truth. He confessed to his affair and was forgiven for his sin. He died a hero learning what truth really meant through his sufferings and struggles. there is also a great deal of hysteria in this play. The village’s people were easily manipulated by Abigail’s lies and came to quick poorly judged conclusions, which lead to killing a great many innocent people. Act 3 is very strong most of the main things are revealed such as the court’s verdict, who is right and who is wrong, who will win and who will die. It is an extremely gripping part of the play, telling how Proctor was so close to victory (through his confession and Mary Warren) yet he still defeated by the envy of Abigail, or rather the loyalty of Elizabeth and the fearful Mary warren. He knows he will die but he also knows he has a chance of stopping this fate yet because of his decency Proctor decides he would rather face death than bring trouble upon his friends and everlasting shame upon his family. I also noticed that in act 3 the three main sides are shown clearly. The power hungry stand together, those full of jealousy, greed, hate and lust join and those who are willing to sacrifice themselves for the truth unite. The people in this play may have had different motives for accusing other people, and practically sentencing them to death, but the outcome of all accusations was more or less the same. Innocent people died and there was more than one person to lay the blame on. In almost every conflict, there is someone or some people to hold responsible. In this case, it was Abigail for her manipulative nature, the Putnam’s for their greed, Mary Warren for being weak-willed and Rev. Parris for craving power. It makes one wonder how such a diminutive act of young girls could lead to such destruction of a community. How could innocent people be sentenced to death simply because some girls were playing and dancing? This is the power of religion and the annihilation it can cause if people refuse to tolerate any other explanation and follow it blindly. ‘The Crucible’ is a magnificent play, superbly written conveying one simple message. It is better stand for the truth and sacrifice yourself than to live with a lie. It reminds us that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. However, even with these mistakes, we can cleanse ourselves and purify ourselves by making what is wrong right.

Gandhi (the Movie) Biography essays

Gandhi (the Movie) Biography essays No mans life can be encompassed in one telling. There is no way to give each year its allotted weight, to include each event, each person who helped to shape a lifetime. What can be done is to be faithful in spirit to the record and try to find ones way to the heart of the man... As this quote so began the movie Gandhi, so too will it begin my paper. This movie portrayed Gandhi not just as a hero, but also as a human. His life was indeed hard, and through various moments of the movie, I cringed at the cruelty he and his people endured. Gandhi was but one man, yet he displayed not only the power of the Indian people, but also the power of peace. During Gandhis visit to South Africa, he was astonished at the way Indians were treated. They were not allowed to ride first/second class on the train, and they werent ever allowed to walk on the same pavement that the white British men walked upon. About five minutes after the opening shot of the movie, it shows Gandhi on a first class car encountering his first taste of social injustice in South Africa (and maybe even his life). Outraged at this incident, he began his campaign for change. He proposed that all Indians should burn the passes that they are, by law, supposed to carry with them at all times. This event was the first of many times throughout the movie that he would be thrown in jail. What caught my attention was his first attempt at trying to talk to the crowd. His ineptness at speech was surprising considering the mysticism surrounding Gandhi in todays world. Another added effect that made this movie very well done was the progression of Gandhi with the passage of time. As already stated, his first speech in South Africa during his pass burning demonstration, he was extremely timid and soft-spoken. Although lacking speech skills at that time (it was, I believe, his first time talking in pu ...

Krispy kreme doughnut Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Krispy kreme doughnut - Research Paper Example azil can be found in South America wherein it is one of the populous and largest countries not just in the Latin border but also in the entire world (â€Å"CIA†). Brazil’s bigger portion of population can be found in the major cities in South-East region namely: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and Brasilia (capital). The population had reached to 201,103,330 wherein 53.7% of the ethnic groups are white and the rest are mixed, black and unspecified. Brazil’s official language is Portuguese; and in terms of religion, Roman Catholic obtained the highest percentage which is 74%. Brazil’s big population and diversity are among the good reasons why it should be the best candidate for a new market. History. For almost three centuries, Brazil is under the Portuguese regime but the country had attained its independence (Levine). During the 19th century, the country’s military rule ended and a constitution for civilian rulers had been approved. Brazil gained its independence from the military command and consequently the government has been improved, and restrictions in the economy as well as slavery have been abolished. These are the reasons why more and more people have decided to migrate in Brazil, and one of those reasons is the government structure. Political and Economic Environment. In the top ten largest economies in terms of Gross Domestic Product, Brazil is at the ninth place with a GDP of $4.51.7 billion (Patterson). Brazil is only an emerging country; however the economy is well-developed and industrialized. Even though Brazil is experiencing an economic growth from its agricultural products, still agriculture in the country accounted lesser compared to the growth of industrialization. The taxation system of Brazil has â€Å"poorly structured revenue system characterized by heavy tax burdens, a narrow taxable base, complicated levies and widespread tax evasion† (Butler). In terms of entering the Brazilian market, Krispy Kreme is required to

Worlds Leaders Press the United States on Fiscal Crisis Article

Worlds Leaders Press the United States on Fiscal Crisis - Article Example The paper "World’s Leaders Press the United States on Fiscal Crisis" investigates World’s Leaders Press the United States on Fiscal Crisis. The country’s key economic partners, for example, China, are worried about the economic situation in the United States. If the United States would not revise its debt ceiling, the global economy would slow down in terms of growth. This is because the United States is a key consumer of goods produced across the world. It is as well a key supplier of goods. Failure by U.S to review its national debt ceiling would mean that the level of consumption within the economy would go down. In turn, this would adversely affect the economy in terms of the economic growth. Failing to raise the national debt ceiling would lead to the country defaulting on its financial responsibilities i.e. financing the recurrent expenditure. Defaulting would adversely affect the country’s credit rating. This is because of the fact that the risk ass ociated with the government bonds would go up. Therefore, it would be costly for the economy to borrow in the future. There is a direct relationship between risk and the rate of interest. In other words, when the level of risk goes up, so does the rate of interest. This means that it would be costly for the U.S government to borrow in the future, if it will not review the debt ceiling. The country’s is one of the leading across the world in terms of the credit rating. This means that other countries are always willing to lend to U.S.... By raising the debt ceiling the country would be able to meet its short-terms financial obligations i.e. payment of wages to its employees. The country may get back to another financial crisis, if it would not review its current debt ceiling. Critique/ analysis It is important for the United States government to review its national debt ceiling. This is not only important in terms of meeting its financial obligations, but also because of the fact that the level of consumption and government expenditure would go up. According to the Keynesian economists, there is a positive relationship between consumption within an economy and economic growth. Therefore, increasing the limit relating to the level of the national debt would substantially contribute towards the growth of the economy. Both consumption and the government expenditure would go up. Through the multiplying effect an increase in government expenditure or consumption, would result in more than proportionate growth in the level of the gross domestic product. On the other hand, if the government would not review its debt ceiling, consumption and government expenditure would go down, and through a multiplying effect, the GDP would go down by more than proportionate. The article focuses on the short-term solution of the national debt crisis. However, it does not focus on the long-term solutions to the crisis. Although it is important for the government to revise the ceiling, this would only be in the short-run. A long-term solution to the U.S. problem would be important to the country because it would prevent the problem from recurring. One of the long-term solutions would be cutting the budget deficit gradually. In other

Homevestors of America franchise profile Research Paper

Homevestors of America franchise profile - Research Paper Example Kenneth D’Angelo created HomeVestors Company, with the main aim being to utilize franchised services as the route towards sustainable real estate business. Indeed, the franchising operations of the company began in 1996, where the company’s initial venture involved the buying of worn out houses, repairing and selling them at a profit. On this note, the company embarks on buying houses of people who are moving due to job transfers, retirements or shifts and renovating the houses to be resold to potential buyers who may want to buy the houses. To date, the company has purchased more than 45000 homes in the United States since it began operations, and its high-ranking services will continue to boost its operations and create better avenues for franchising. One of the most profound benefits of franchising operations is the fact that the capital requirements are much lower when opening new departmental stores or branches. Indeed, a company seeking to expand its operations through franchising incurs fewer costs, as opposed to committing funds and get new stalls (Campbell, and Lafili 93). On this note, the business creates independent owners who assume all the costs associated with operations, only leaving fewer responsibilities to the parent company. Further, the parent company experiences increased rates of expansion, mainly due to the facts that the costs of such a venture are reduced. As opposed to commitment of huge amounts of cash in budgets as capital requirements to open up new businesses or branches, companies under franchise can reopen many times the number of stores or businesses with the same amount of capital, which may facilitate rapid expansion even into the untapped markets in the industry. Looking at the disadvantages of such an idea to the parent company, it is evident that setting up branches in diverse geographical locations may require increased variation of products.

Minor Assignment Marketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Minor Assignment Marketing Mix Essay Introduction This report has been compiled in order to describe the four most common elements of the marketing mix which are described by Elliot, Rundle-Thiele and Waller (2010 p.18-21) in the following few sentences. * Product – â€Å"A good, service or idea offered to the market for exchange.† (p.18) * Price – â€Å"The amount of money a business demands in exchange for its offerings.† (p.20) * Promotion – â€Å"The marketing activities that make potential customers, partners and society aware of and attracted to the business’s offerings. † (p.20) * Place (Distribution) – â€Å"The means of making the offering available to the customer at the right time and place† (p.21) In conjunction with these descriptions, all four marketing mix elements will be analysed and shown how they can be applied to retail petrol outlets and the products which are made available to customers. The Marketing Mix Elliot et. al describe the marketing mix as â€Å"the different elements that marketers need to consider.† (2010 p. 18) When using the marketing mix to market retail petrol outlets such as Caltex Woolworths or Coles Express, marketers need to consider the Product, Price, Promotion and Distribution (Place) of not only petrol, but many other consumer and specialty products which retail petrol outlets offer. Product It can be seen in retail petrol stations that other than the expected fuels like unleaded and diesel which are generally relatively low in terms of their profit margin, â€Å"some oil firms claim that supermarkets sell petrol at a loss in order to attract customers.† (The Economist, 1996 p.58) Other products are required in order to boost profits for the retail petrol chains’ owner. These other products are mostly the convenience type and can range from the daily newspaper and chewing gum, to a bottle of orange juice or a loaf of bread. There are three categories of convenience products outlined by Elliot et al. which are all found in retail petrol outlets and include staple products, impulse products and emergency products. (2010 p. 207) * Staple products – These are considered to be everyday grocery products like bread and milk, purchased regularly by consumers and therefore aren’t heavily promoted * Impulse products – These are considered to be only purchased when seen, like confectionary or magazines which are eye catching and are usually found around the cash register. * Emergency products – These are considered to be those products which are only purchased when really needed, like a raincoat or an umbrella. Although there are a lot of products sold by retail petrol outlets like Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express, the obvious product centred on all retail petrol outlets is the fuel supplied to consumers. The varieties of fuels which can be purchased can include: * E10 – 10% Ethanol. * E85 – 85% Ethanol. * E95 – 95% Ethanol. * Unleaded – Standard fuel. * Hi Octane – Offered for high performance vehicles. * LPG – Alternative to liquid fuel, a Gas product. * Diesel – More efficient lower sulphur producing by product. There is a vast selection of fuels for consumers to choose from and although the blends of fuels stay similar, the names and descriptions of these fuels tend to change from outlet to outlet. For example, when you drive into a Caltex Woolworths you are confronted with the choice of â€Å"Caltex Vortex 95 or 98,† both are hi octane blends offered to a prospective purchaser. (Woolworths fuels, Website.) Price When dealing with topic of pricing in retail petrol stores, the outcome of the price has to be both beneficial to the seller, and seen as a good deal to the buyer, otherwise no trades will take place. As stated previously, petrol itself tends to have a lower margin for profit which means the strategic pricing of other products in-store needs to be addressed as well as ensuring that the price of petrol is not seen as out of balance with other suppliers. There is an obvious demand for petrol, as almost everyone who is able, drives or rides a vehicle which requires fuel to run. So it could be argued that retail petrol stations don’t necessarily set their own prices, but go off supplier guidelines which base their fuel pricing strategy on demand, â€Å"Demand based pricing sets prices according to the level of aggregate or individual customer demand in the market.† (Elliott et al. 2010 p. 250) Elliott et al. also continue to write that both Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express hold more than 60% of the Australian fuel market share (2010 p.268) so high demand from their suppliers will enable them to lower their fuel prices and therefore gain more customers, earning higher profits. Pricing of other products offered by retail petrol outlets such as bread or milk tend to have the opportunity to be competitive and more fairly priced than a standard petrol station, the major grocery companies behind retail petrol outlets like Woolworths and Coles focus on gaining more ground off one and other, price drops are reflected in store and this also proves more profitable, because consumers are drawn into purchasing something they wouldn’t normally associate with their petrol. Promotion An important aspect in the success of retail petrol outlets is in their promotion, or the way in which their fuels and other products are portrayed to potential customers. There are many numbers of ways in which retail petrol outlets use promotional tools to make the public more aware of what their outlet has to offer. Using the Coles Express website for example, it can be seen that promotion plays a major role in the marketing of retail petrol outlets, on the homepage can be found five key promotional campaigns designed to catch the eye of potential customers. The opportunity to win â€Å"the ultimate weekend Ferrari drive experience† or â€Å"two Cadbury chocolate bars for four dollars† (Coles Express, website) are two examples of how Coles Express use promotion as a tool to gain the interest of potential customers. The use of shopper dockets and rewards cards are also a major way in which retail petrol outlets have promoted themselves, using incentives of cheaper fuel by spending amounts of money in store or purchasing earlier in their supermarkets and bringing the docket to the petrol station in order to gain the fuel discount. In the recent past, retail petrol outlets have encouraged shoppers to buy big in store in order to earn big discounts off fuel â€Å"motorists who spend more than $300 during one supermarket visit during the next three days receive a 40 cent per litre petrol discount. Shoppers who spend more than $200 or more receive a 25 cent a litre discount, while those who spend $100 or more get a 10 cent a litre discount.† (Cranston 2009) Woolworths have the â€Å"Everyday Rewards† program, and Coles have the â€Å"Fly buys† rewards program. Both these programs offer rewards point in exchange for purchases made in their outlets. Another way in which retail petrol outlets can promote their product is through sponsorship, Coles Express for example are sponsoring Daffodil day, a program not normally associated with fuel but this can help to grow an organisations image, by supporting such a worthy cause, Coles express may gain respect from the community and in turn boost their profits. Place (Distribution) The transportation and distribution of products including fuel to retail petrol outlets operates under the marketing mix category of â€Å"Place.† â€Å"The science (or art) of ensuring products are in the right place at the right time in the right quantity is known as logistics and the various partners that contribute to the process make up is called the supply chain.† (Elliot et al. 2010 p.21) Retail petrol outlets operate somewhat differently to conventional service stations, the retail petrol outlets are often situated near to a parent supermarket company (in the same complex) which makes supply of products other than fuel relatively easy as the distance for stock to travel is minimal. When looking at the fuel aspect, it can be seen that the logistics tend to become a lot more involved and a more defined supply chain emerges. * First fuel is sourced from their respective supplier (Caltex or Shell) on a relatively routine basis, as fuel is a required product for most of the community. * The fuel is then transported by truck from oil refineries which are based in more coastal areas (Caltex oil refinery in Kurnell NSW) which makes it easier to transfer oil from overseas oil barges when new shipments arrive. * When the trucks reach the retail petrol outlet the fuel is then pumped into underground holding tanks, where the fuel can now be distributed to the customer via the petrol pump and now exchange of fuels can be made for a profit. Conclusion This report was compiled in order to describe the four elements of the marketing mix: * Product * Price * Promotion * Place (distribution) The descriptions of these marketing mix elements were also shown in application; how they are applied when breaking down the four aspects in relation to retail petrol outlets. Focusing on the Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express partnerships it was able to be shown how the marketing mix elements are applied. Products have been broken down into specific fuels and other items which are available to potential customers, these products have also been categorised as either: Staple, Impulse or Emergency. Price has been shown to be of vital importance, and the outcome of the price has to be both beneficial to the seller, and seen as a good deal to the buyer. Promotion has also proven to be of high importance to the overall marketing of retail petrol outlets, the use of shopper dockets for discounts, and sponsorship for awareness and image are important promotional tools outlined above. Place (Distribution) outlines the logistics and supply chain which is in place for retail petrol outlets to gain their product in order to forward it onto the paying public to gain an overall profit. All four of these marketing mix elements play their own equally pivotal role in ensuring the successful operation of retail petrol outlets. References Coles Express website www.colesexpress.com.au Cranston, B. (2009) NSW: ACCC investigating supermarket petrol promotion. AAP Australian National News wire Elliott, G. Rundle-Thiele, S. Waller, D. (2010) Marketing. Pump Action, The Economist. (1996) Vol. 338 Issue 7950, page 58 Woolworths petrol website www.woolworthspetrol.com.au